Albert Einstein

Born:: March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, Germany
Died:: April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
Nationality:: German (1879-1896), Stateless (1896-1901), Swiss (1901-1955), German (1914-1933), American (1940-1955)
Profession(s):: Theoretical Physicist, Mathematician

Early Life and Education

Einstein showed an early aptitude for mathematics and science.
He renounced his German citizenship at age 16.
He graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900 with a diploma in physics.
He obtained a PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905.

Career and Major Achievements

Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern from 1902 to 1909.
Published his "Annus Mirabilis" papers in 1905, covering Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
Developed the theory of general relativity between 1907 and 1915.
Received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Emigrated to the United States in 1933 to escape Nazi Germany and joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, warning of the potential for Nazi Germany to develop atomic weapons, prompting the U.S. to initiate the Manhattan Project.

Notable Works

"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905) - Introduced the theory of special relativity.
"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905) - Introduced the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc².
"The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916) - Presented the theory of general relativity.
"Relativity: The Special and the General Theory" (1916) - A popular exposition of relativity.

Legacy and Impact

Albert Einstein is widely regarded as one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century and one of the greatest scientists of all time. His theories of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His work also had a profound impact on the development of nuclear energy and technology.

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