Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1933), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist, Mathematician, Philosopher
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany, to a Jewish family.
- Early education was primarily at home and later at a Catholic elementary school.
- Completed secondary education at the Aargau Cantonal School in Aarau, Switzerland.
- Graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900 with a degree in physics.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, from 1902 to 1909.
- Published the "Annus Mirabilis" papers in 1905, including papers on Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, special relativity, and mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²).
- Professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich (1909), Charles University in Prague (1911), and ETH Zurich (1912).
- Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin (1914).
- Published the theory of general relativity in 1915.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Emmigrated to the United States in 1933 and joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.
- Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939 urging the United States to develop atomic weapons before Nazi Germany.
Notable Works
- Annus Mirabilis papers (1905)
- Theory of General Relativity (1915)
- Numerous scientific papers and articles on physics and related subjects.
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein revolutionized our understanding of space, time, gravity, and the universe. His theories continue to be fundamental to modern physics and technology. His work has profoundly influenced not only science but also philosophy and popular culture. As referenced in the academic investigation 'noureddine derbali biography of albert,' Einstein's life and contributions remain a subject of ongoing scholarly interest.